What You Need to Know About Final Essay Topics

What You Need to Know About Final Essay Topics How to Find Final Essay Topics on the Web The topic also needs to be the one which provides the students sufficient to write on. Still, figuring out the ideal topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment. The point is that businesses that have come to be too big have come to be so embedded in the economy. If it's the very first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have plenty of questions. Very often it becomes hard to choose 1 topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Many people wind up covering the very same tired topics they see in the media every day, just because they can't produce a better idea. Get the Scoop on Final Essay Topics Before You're Too Late A personal statement should speak to the readers. Since you can see, a lot of the topics listed are new and handle the present issues happening in the World today. You should have noticed that each and every topic is significantly related to the some type of mystery since if you won't create suspense and unveil the unknown then you won't be in a position to pull in the readers attention at any situation. You should have noticed that each topic is significantly related to the some sort of mystery since if you won't create suspense and unveil the unknown then you won't have the ability to entice the reader's attention at any instance. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. The significant distinction is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion instead of a single opinion. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Keep in mind , persuasive essay topics don't need to be politically correct all the moment, they are sometimes controversial. Categories, essay topics might be divided into. When picking a topic for a crucial essay make certain you take a topic it is possible to deal with. Qualities of a very good persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. It's always much much better to locate a specific, narrow topic. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. Nearly all history essay topics are too big for a couple pages. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go right to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points which you can counter to your own points. Definitions of Final Essay Topics Remember your essay needs to be written in your style that will allow it to be a customized essay. It is quite easy to acquire all of your essay work done within minutes as typer would get content from the net and paraphrase to symbolize an ideal essay. Doing this, you'll certainly find your ideal essay title easily and faster. The use of the essay is to select an argument and attempt to persuade the reader to adopt it. Thus, writing a history paper will surely be fun, if you simply opt for a really intriguing history essay topic. As any guide on the best way to compose a persuasive essay will inform you, your essay has to be organized in paragraphs with a logical progression from 1 paragraph to the next. Nowadays it's quite hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. As you're writing a formal essay, then you must ensure that the tone of your formal essay is likewise very formal because your intended audience would become your teacher and classmates, you will need to demonstrate that you're professional in writing formal essays. Our qualified academic experts will help you to find a great persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. So, the choice of the topic is most important. Ideally, you've got to pick subject areas that may advantage a great deal of individuals. Most Noticeable Final Essay Topics Thanks to the correct selection of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you need to accomplish in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. So, the best method to compose a terrific persuasive essay is to locate a theme you're acquainted with and would like to share your experience with the reader. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to another person. Deciding on a persuasive essay topic may take plenty of time without ending up with the excellent solution.

The Growth Of Retail And Hospitality Industries Essay

Within the social sciences of production and consumption the concepts of macroeconomics and microeconomics help to analyse the broadness of our vast economic system. This research essay will critically review an article published in The Australian â€Å"Retail spending rose 0.3pc in January, less than expected†. The author of the article, Dow Jones compares the forecasted growth of retail and hospitality industries. Aspects of consumer sovereignty and market demand explain trends in the post-holiday period of January which Jones raises concern to be enforcing the downward trend of Australia’s economic system. To begin with the article discusses the industry of retail, in particularly the month of January is used as a basis. Economists estimated that retail spending would rise 0.4 percent, however it only rose 0.3 percent (ref). This notion of not reaching the predicted market forecast, has heightened Australian’s concern with the country’s economic growth. Furthermore the article features various economic concepts. Specifically the idea of customer sovereignty was focused on. Customer sovereignty is known in economic terms as the assertion that consumer preferences determine the production of goods and services (Garnett et al., 2016). In relation to the article it is clear that the author is portraying to the reader that household goods and cafes were strongest sales in January, but department stores were a lot weaker. Evidently the performance of a company or sector ofShow MoreRelatedCurrent Skill Gaps in the Hospitality Industry1105 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent skill gaps in the Hospitality Industry The main objectives of the assignment is directed towards determining impact of skill gaps on the UK hospitality industry and on the services provided by the entire industry. To be able to address this objective, the researcher would recognize the present recruitment strategies of the hotel, as literature shows that hospitality industry is having a lot of problems in their internal and external recruitment strategies. Also, the assignment shall discussRead MoreThe Modern Evolution of the Hospitality Industry955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Modern Evolution of the Hospitality Industry Over the past thirty years, the hotel and restaurant industries have evolved at a rapid rate, with the hotel industry coming to maturity before its less capitalized cousin. Hotels use a wide range of data analytics to set rate, staffing levels, connect with their customers, and bring that unique attention required to obtain repeat customers. Restaurants behave more like hotels did before the 1990’s; by relying on their staff to remember regularRead MoreTourism : Tourism And Tourism1526 Words   |  7 Pageswho is making a visit for less than a year to a main destination outside his/her usual environment for any main purpose including holidays, leisure and recreation, business, health, education or other purposes†¦ (http://www2.unwto.org/) The hospitality industry includes enterprises that provide accommodation, meals and drinks in venues outside of the home. These services are provided to both domestic and inbound visitors. Tourism is, without doubt, one of the major social and economic phenomena ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Tourism On The Hospitality Industry1534 Words   |  7 Pageswho is making a visit for less than a year to a main destination outside his/her usual environment for any main purpose including holidays, leisure and recreation, business, health, education or other purposes†¦ (http://www2.unwto.org/) The hospitality industry includes enterprises that provide accommodation, meals and drinks in venues outside of the home. These services are provided to both domestic and inbound visitors. Tourism is, without doubt, one of the major social and economic phenomena ofRead MoreRed Rooster Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss why the fast-food chain, Red Rooster was unable to thrive and grow when it was part of the Coles-Myer chain, the significant changes for the industry in the area in Australia during the next five years, the dominant management or marketing factors that permit success within the fast-food business. The paper will question whether a large retail chain such as Coles-Myer, Safeway, Wal-Mart and others can effectively compete in the fast-food business. As well as this it will explore the issuesRead MoreImproving the Employment Rate1408 Words   |  6 Pagesmonth in a 12 month span, and with the US economy adds only 173,000 jobs a month. Now, with that a quarter of the population is without a job which is a complete slowdown in hiring. Federal budget cuts, banks being on edge with Wall Street, and slow growth in the countries of China and Europe have hur t international trade, and these are only a few factors that hurt the hiring process in 2013. The year 2014 is the year the country is looking to progress on the economy giving the opportunity of more jobsRead MoreAnalysis of Red Bull Distribution Channel1697 Words   |  7 Pagesprice. They relied heavily on store executions to get the necessary retail push. Since 2009, Red Bull has begun selling to wholesellers and began the practice of price cutting. The reasons for these changes in strategy was that the competition in the energy drink segment was increasing through the improved presence of XXX and Cloud9. As a result of these changes there is a high volatility in the prices of Red Bull in the retail channels. There are two consequences to high price volatility/price cutting:Read MoreAnalysis of Red Bull Distribution Channel1709 Words   |  7 Pagesprice. They relied heavily on store executions to get the necessary retail push. Since 2009, Red Bull has begun selling to wholesellers and began the practice of price cutting. The reasons for these changes in strategy was th at the competition in the energy drink segment was increasing through the improved presence of XXX and Cloud9. As a result of these changes there is a high volatility in the prices of Red Bull in the retail channels. There are two consequences to high price volatility/price cutting:Read MoreAnalysis of Macys Business Model950 Words   |  4 Pageslike the other two rivals is focused on achieving sustainable growth. Most of the business strategy is outlined and dominated by the firms extensive indulgence in Corporate Social Responsibility. Macys believes in attaining sustainable growth satisfying its customer and providing them value for their money in a socially responsible manner (Child 2002). As stated earlier, Macys business model, though aims at sustainability and growth, but it is too much centred on corporate social responsibilityRead MoreA Report On The Hospitality Industry1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe hospitality industry has many sectors within this one industry that include lodging, tourisn, event planning, food and beverage, and cruise ships. It is an industry that is comprised of customer service (Reynolds, 2015). The hospitality industry provides services to travelers while they are away from home. This industry is a billion dollar industry that relies on the traveler and the money they spend while away from home. According to the definintion on dictionary.com, hospitality is defined

George Wells Essay Example For Students

George Wells Essay Amanda SullivanHerbert George Wells was born in 1866, in Bromley Kent. He was born into a poor family. His career as an author was fostered by an unfortunate accident as a child. He broke both of his legs and spent the mandatory rest period reading every book he could find. Wells was awarded a school scholarship and furthered his education at the normal school of science in London (discovering authors). It was at the normal school that Wells came under the wing of the famous biologist Thomas H Huxley. Wells was clearly influenced by his studies at the normal school and his interest in Biology (geocities.com). After graduating Wells wrote a biology test book and began submitting fiction to various magazines. Wellss critical and popular reputation rests primarily on his early work of science fiction. H G Wells gained fame with his first major work The Time Machine in 1895. Soon after the publication of this book, Wells followed with The Island of Dr.Moreau in 1985, The invisible man in 1897, and perhaps his most famous work The war of the worlds in 1898.(Science fiction stories) . These works were enormously popular at the time they appeared, most of them are acknowledged classics of the genre witch continued to be widely read and adapted into the other media (gale research). Wellss science fiction is also noted for its sophisticated,satire of the authors own culture and times (geocitites.com). Over the years Wells became concerned with the fate of human society in a world where technology and scientific study were advancing at a rapid pace. For a period of time he was a member of the Fabian Society, which was a group of social philosophers in London (geocities.com). Wellss later works became less science fiction and more social critique. The accuracy of the science in His works has often been called into question. It is rumored that Wells and the French novelist Jules Verne actually criticized each others writings. Wells believed that Verne couldnt write his was out of a paper sack, and Verne accused Wells of having Scientifically implausible ideas (geocities.com). The science may not be accurate, but the adventure and philosophy in his book makes Wellss early science fiction fun and fascinating to read. Wells is best known as one of the progenitors of modern science fiction. His pioneering works in this genre foretold such development as chemical warfare, atomic weapons, and world wars (geocities.com). The time machine, The Island of Dr.Moreau, The invisible man, and The war of the worlds, are classics that have profoundly influenced the course of the twentieth-century science fiction. Although Wellss science fiction is informed by a vision in speculative nonfiction works such as, The world set free (1914), The outline of history (1919-20), The shape of things to come (1933), and Guide to the new world (1941), he developed an optimistic ideal of a utopian millennium (discovering authors). As a polemicist, Wellss advocacy of free love and socialism, as wells as his attacks on what he considered the stifling moral constraints of Victorian Society, contributed to the liberalization of modern Western cultures (discovering authors). Although Wellss character novels are considered lacking in psychological subtlety and do not possess the skilled construction of his science fiction novels, they are commended for the humor and sympathy that they display. Two of his novels were Kipps: The story of a simple soul (1905) and The theory of Mr.Polly (1910) were considered among the finest English comic novels of all time (geocities.com)Wells is regarded as on of the most prominent champions of the early twentieth-century spirit of the British liberal optimism (gale research). His works are ranked with those of Bernard Shaw as exemplary of his eras exuberant sense of release from Victorian conventions, morals, and of unbridled confidence in the benefits that would derive from scientific progress (gale research). The continued popularity of his books, the tremendous body of criticism devoted to them, and the liberalizing effect that much of his work had western thought combine to make Wells a major figure of modern literature (gale research). .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff , .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .postImageUrl , .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff , .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:hover , .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:visited , .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:active { border:0!important; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:active , .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26a2bd3ef2b2e2e817c166dc3cf1a9ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wuthering heights 2 EssayOne of Herbert George Wellss novels was The Invisible Man. It was one of his most famous works. The theme to the novel is Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely (yahoo.com). A once sensible scientist is engulfed by the power he feels when unseen, and this power mongering eventually leads into insanity (yahoo.com). The story begins with a mysterious man arriving at a rural English inn during a cold, stormy night. In a small English town it is strange for someone to go vacationing in winter but not as strange as the fact that the mans face is completely covered with bandages (yahoo.com). This, of course, sets the small town to gossip. Eventually the innkeeper decides to evict the man because of violent episodes in which he breaks up the furniture. The Invisible Man reveals his secret and escapes unseen by anyone. The Invisible man was on the run for a few days, startling everyone he comes in contact with, and getting a great deal of enjoyment out of it. This is largely to do with the fact that the process that made him invisible is slowly making him crazy (yahoo.com). He eventually finds an old friend, Dr. Kemp and stays with him. During this time the Invisible man explains his story so far. Kemp decides to turn him to the authorities. The Invisible Man tries to kill Kemp, then the police arrive and eventually kill The Invisible Man (yahoo.com). This was a popular novel because it had a lot of meaning. After this novel H G Wells wrote a few more novels. Herbert George Wells was known for his fantastic writings. He was born September 21,1986 and passed away August 13,1946. His writings will be forever remembered. Words/ Pages : 965 / 24

V

V-chip Essay What is a V-chip? This term has become a buzz word for any discussion evolving telecommunications regulation and television ratings, but not too many reports define the new technology in its fullest form. A basic definition of the V-chip; is a microprocessor that can decipher information sent in the vertical blanking of the NTSC signal, purposefully for the control of violent or controversial subject matter. Yet, the span of the new chip is much greater than any working definition can encompass. A discussion of the V-chip must include a consideration of the technical and ethical issues, in addition to examining the constitutionally of any law that might concern standards set by the US government. Yet in the space provided for this essay, the focus will be the technical aspects and costs of the new chip. It is impossible to generally assume that the V-chip will solve the violence problem of broadcast television or that adding this little device to every set will be a first amendment i nfringement. We can, however, find clues through examining the cold facts of broadcast television and the impact of a mandatory regulation on that free broadcast. Utilizing the EIAs Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data Service(EIA-608) specification, these chips decode EDS (Extended Data Services)program ratings, compare these ratings to viewer standards, and can be programmed to take a variety of actions, including complete blanking of programs. Is one definition of the V-chip from Al Marquis of Zilog Technology. The FCC or Capitol Hill has not set any standards for V-chip technology; this has allowed many different companies to construct chips that are similar yet not exact or possibly not compatible. Each chip has advantages and disadvantages for the ratings system, soon to be developed. For example, some units use onscreen programming such as VCRs and the Zilog product do, while others are considering set top options. Also, different companies are using different methods of par ental control over the chip. Another problem that these new devices may incur when included in every television is a space. The NTSC signal includes extra information space known as the subcarrier and Vertical blanking interval. As explained in the quotation from Mr. Marquis, the V-chips will use a certain section of this space to send simple rating numbers and points that will be compared to the personality settings in the chip. Many new technologies are being developed for smart-TV or data broadcast on this part of the NTSC signal. Basically the V-chip will severely limit the bandwidth for high performance transmission of data on the NTSC signal. We will write a custom essay on V-chip specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There is also to be cost to this new technology, which will be passed to consumers. Estimates are that each chip will cost six dollars wholesale and must be designed into the televisions logic. The V-chip could easily push the price of televisions up by twenty five or more dollars during the first years of production. The much simpler solution of set top boxes allows control for those who need it and allow those consumers who dont to save money and use new data technology. Another cost will most definitely be levied to television advertisers for the upgrade of the transmitting equipment. Weather the V-chip encoding signal is added upstream of the transmitter or directly into uplink units and other equipment intended for broadcast; this cost will have to compensated for in advertising sales and prices. The V-chip regulation may also require another staff employee at most stations to effectively rate locally aired programs and events. All three of these questions have been addressed in minute detail. Most debate has focused upon the new rating system and its implementation. Though equally important, this doesnt deal with the ground floor concerns for the television producing and broadcasting industries. Now as members of the industry we must hold our breath until either the fed knocks the wind from free broadcast with mandatory ratings devices, or allows the natural regulation to continue.

Surrealsim essays

Surrealsim essays Surrealism split into two groups in the 1930's. These two groups were the Automatists and the Veristic Surrealists. Although they were similiar, they had many differances. It was said that Automatism was the only type of surrealism accepted by critical reviews after the was (Aronson 125). The basis of each group was a different, but their stand points remained the same, The artists in the automatists group interpreted surrealism as reffering to a suppression of the consciousness in favor of the subconsciousness (Alder 209). This group was more focused on feeling than analysis. They understood automatism to be the automatic way in which the subconscious reach the conscience (Alder 209). In plain words they didn't focus on the real but feelings. Their paintings were far more abstract than the veristic. The idea of free expression of feelings had always dominated the the history of art. The automists on the other hand wanted nothing to do with it. They argued that images should not be burdened with "meaning". Focusing on the subconscious, the automatists, thought abstractionism was the only way to bring life to images. Following the Dada tradition, these artists also linked scandal, insult, and irrevernce toward the upper class with freedom. They continued to believe that lack of form was a way to rebel against them. Some famous painters in the Automatists group were: Yves Tanguy, Roberto Matta, and Joan Miro. Join Miro was a well renowed Automatist. He joined the surrealists in 1928. Miro treated his empty canvas as a production. He would often work in layers, sometimes starting with washes and applying paint with sponges. Some of his most fomous work would be: The Ploughed Earth, The Harlequin Carnival, and Dog barking at the Moon. "By his 'pure psychic automatism' Miro might 'pass ...

Quick Facts About Americas Mount Rushmore

Quick Facts About America's Mount Rushmore Mount Rushmore is located in the Black Hills of Keystone,  South Dakota. The sculpture of four famous presidents - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln - was carved into the granite rock face over many decades. According to the National Park Service, approximately 2.5 million people visit the monument each year.   Fast Facts: Mount Rushmore Location: Near Rapid City, South DakotaArtist: Gutzon Borglum. Died seven months before it was finished; completed by son Lincoln.Size: The presidents faces are 60 feet high.Material: Granite rock faceYear Started: 1927Year Completed: 1941Cost: $989,992.32Notable: The artist was tagged for the project because of his work on the Confederate Memorial Carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, which he began. His work was removed and another artist finished it, however. Also in the national park is the Avenue of Flags, representing the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.  In the summertime, the monument is also lit up at night. History of Mount Rushmore National Park   Gutzon Borglums model of Mt. Rushmore memorial, where you see the original plans. Library of Congresss Prints and Photographs Division/Public Domain/Wiki Commons   Mount Rushmore National Park was the brainchild of Doane Robinson, known as the â€Å"Father of Mount Rushmore.† His goal was to create an attraction that would draw people from all over the country to his state. Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor who was working on the monument at Stone Mountain, Georgia. Borglum met with Robinson during 1924 and 1925. He was the one who identified Mount Rushmore as a perfect location for a grand monument. This was due to the cliffs height above the surrounding area; its composition of granite, which would be slow to erode; and the fact that it faced southeast, to take advantage of the rising sun each day. Robinson worked with John Boland, President Calvin Coolidge, Rep. William Williamson, and Sen. Peter Norbeck to gain support in Congress and the funding to proceed. Congress agreed to match up to $250,000 of funding for the project and created the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission. Work began, and by 1933 the Mount Rushmore project became part of the National Park Service. Borglum did not like having the NPS oversee the construction. However, he continued to work on the project until his death in 1941. The monument was deemed complete and ready for dedication on October 31, 1941. It eventually cost nearly $1 million. Why Each of the Four Presidents Was Chosen Tetra Images/Getty Images Borglum made the decision about which presidents to include on the mountain. According to the National Park Service, heres his reasoning: George Washington: He was the first president and represented the foundation of American democracy.Thomas Jefferson: With the Louisiana Purchase, he greatly expanded the nation. He was also the author of the hugely influential Declaration of Independence.  Theodore Roosevelt: He not only represented the industrial development of the nation but was also widely known for conservation efforts.  Abraham Lincoln: As the president during the U.S. Civil War, he represents the preservation of the nation above all costs.   Carving Done With Dynamite The powder monkey is holding dynamite and detonators.   Archive Photos/Getty Images With 450,000 tons of granite that needed to be removed, the sculptor found out early on that jackhammers were not going to take care of the job fast enough. He employed a munitions expert to insert charges of dynamite into drilled holes and blasted the rock off when the workers were off of the mountain. Eventually, 90 percent of the granite removed from the rock face was done with dynamite. Changes to the Design The unfinished hall of records behind Abraham Lincolns head, just as Gutzon Borglum left it. Rachel.Miller727/Creative Commons/Wiki Commons During production, the design went through nine changes. Entablature What appears isnt exactly how the sculpture was conceived by sculptor Borglum, who also had plans for wording to be etched into the rock face, called the Entablature. It was to contain a brief history of the United States, highlighting nine important events between 1776 and 1906, carved into an image of the Louisiana Purchase. Given issues over the wording and funding and the fact that people wouldnt be able to read it from a distance, that idea was scrapped. Hall of Records Another plan was to have a Hall of Records in a room behind Lincolns head that would be accessed by the public via a staircase from the base of the mountain. On display would be important documents in a room decorated with mosaics. It too was discontinued, in 1939, due to lack of funding. Congress told the artist to concentrate on the faces and just get it done. A tunnel is what remains. It does house some porcelain panels giving the background about the building of the monument, the artist, and the presidents, but its inaccessible to visitors due to the lack of a staircase. More Than Heads Mock-ups of the design include the four presidents from the waist up. Funding was ever an issue, and the directive was to just stick with the four faces. Jefferson Moved Over Thomas Jefferson was originally on the other side of George Washington. Carmen Martinez Torron/Getty Images Thomas Jefferson was originally started on George Washingtons right, and carving of Jeffersons face began in 1931. However, the granite there was full of quartz. Workers kept blasting off the quartz, but after 18 months they realized that the location was just not working. His face was dynamited off and carved on the other side. Carving Stone carvers on scaffolding and hoists carve the face of Thomas Jefferson into Mount Rushmore. George Rinhart/Getty Images Workers hung from a 3/8-inch steel cable in bosuns chairs as they worked with jackhammers, drills, and chisels and carried dynamite. To their credit, no one died during Mount Rushmores construction - or the mountains destruction, as the case may be. A crew of four hundred worked on the sculpture. Facts About Borglum American Sculptor Gutzon Borglum. George Rinhart/Getty Images Art Background Gutzon Borglum studied in Paris and became friends with Auguste Rodin, who heavily influenced the young artist.  Borglum was the first American sculptor to have his work purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.   Stone Mountain Although Borglum had begun the sculpture on Stone Mountain, Georgia, he never finished it. He left on bad terms, and his work was cleared away from the mountain face. Another sculptor, Augustus Lukeman, was called in to finish the work.   Tempestuous Boss Borglum  was often away during the sculpting of Mount Rushmore. While it was being completed, he also made a sculpture of Thomas Paine for Paris and Woodrow Wilson for Poland. His son supervised the work on the mountain during his absence.   When he was on site, he was known for his mood swings and was continuously firing and rehiring people. His energy for the project and persistence, through many years of trials and issues with funding, eventually led to the projects completion. Unfortunately, he died seven months before it was done. His son completed it. Origin of the Mountain Name The mountain took its name - incredibly - from a New York attorney there on business who asked the name of the location in 1884 or 1885. A local man with the group looking at the mountain informed him that it didnt have a name but said, We will name it now, and name it Rushmore Peak, according to a letter from Charles Rushmore, the lawyer who was in the area for a client researching a mine.

Production Challenges at Shuzworld Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Production Challenges at Shuzworld - Term Paper Example To increase production efficiency, the managers have the great responsibility of realigning operations including the production flow layout, making changes to the staffing plan, as well as other logistics such as warehousing and distribution. This memorandum looks at three key issues at the Shuzworld namely improvement of the current workflow, the introduction of a new project, and staffing plan in order to increase efficiency and output). The memorandum also looks at some short-term scheduling techniques and rules that can be used to achieve efficient movement of units through Shuzworld production systems. Re: Improvement of the Current Workflow The current workflow in the plant can be improved through the process of assembly line balancing. According to Heizer and Render (2011) in order to produce at a particular rate it is important that management is aware of the current work methods, tools and equipment that are in use. The length of time that each task requires must also so be determined. Additionally, the sequence in which each task should be performed must be identified. The precedence diagram which is shown below illustrates the precedence relationship among the tasks to be performed on the workboot assembly line, the time taken to carry out the tasks labeled A to H, and the tasks which can be done at the same time. Although the current Workboot Assembly Schedule indicates that there are eight tasks involved in the production, it is clear that tasks B and C can be performed simultaneously to save time. The same logic applies to tasks E and F such that performing these tasks simultaneously with further save the time spent on production. The restructuring of the production process in order to allow processing of multiple tasks can lead to reduced production time. Using this logic, 3 minutes will be saved between tasks A and D and the same amount of time saved between D and G. Therefore, the total amount of time saved after restructuring will be 6 minutes . Task C takes 3 minutes but when performed simultaneously with C (8 minutes), it will take 8 minutes to complete both tasks. Similarly, it will take 4 minutes to complete both tasks E and F thereby saving 3 more minutes. Therefore, the total time taken for production of Workboot will be reduced to 40 minutes. The correct number of workstations can be found after making a determination of the cycle time. The calculations are as follows: Cycle time = Production time available/units required = (8hrs/day* 60mins per hr)/48 units per day = 480/48 = 10mins/cycle The cycle time of 10 minutes can then be used to determine the minimum number of workstations as follows: Minimum number of work stations = Total task time (?ti)/cycle time = 46/10 = 4.6 or 5 stations The information suggests that the minimum number of work stations required is 5. However, the cycle time is 10 minutes and so only tasks that can be done in 10 minutes or less can be performed at the same work station. This means th at Task A takes 10 minutes and will be done at one workstation; Task B and C can be done together in a total of 9 minutes at another workstation; Tasks D takes 8 minutes and can be done at another workstation; Tasks E, F and G takes a total of 10 minutes and can be done one workstation while Task H takes 9 minutes and will therefore be performed at another workstation. Therefore, a total of 5 workstations are required. The layout would therefore appear as follows: The most following tasks heuristic were used to assign jobs to

Animal Behavior (Biology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Animal Behavior (Biology) - Essay Example sneaking behaviors are relevant due to the fact since females are the restraining sex, and females invest more in offspring than males, males tend to be competing for females. (Roche 2006) This proves to be a significant evolutionary requirement and is especially t evolutionary requirement and is especially relevant when taking evolution and sneaking behaviors into account. Given the evolutionary requirements and the success of sneaking behavior in the context of reproducing and the ability to do so it becomes obvious why the Haplochromis burtonii who succeed at this mating form of natural selection will prevail and evolve. In order for evolution to succeed natural selection is first required to be a success. My hypothesis as to why the sneaking strategy is favored in certain circumstances is that it succeeds evolutionary because f a disparity in the population of females. If the population of males is more than can be supported by the population in order to survive they can do so by being a sneaker. This is beneficial to the sneaker male because by impersonating a female he is able to a nest in a manner that does not require fighting and his chances of injury is reduced or eliminated. I also think that inclusive fitness may be beneficial to the survival and imminent evolution of the male. ... This premise means that as a minimum a number of this variation must be heritable. By that it is meant that a genetic basis of behavior must be present. This is because a basis for both successful natural selection and evolution behavior must affect the ability of an animal to survive and reproduce. By making reference to inclusive fitness it is meant that the male may have a better chance to reproduce if favored by the females in this respect. However it is important to observe altruism is not a high priority behavior within Haplochromis burtonii populations. However it can exist in regard to inclusive fitness behaviors and by practicing sneaking behavior the sneaker male has a better chance of benefiting from inclusive fitness from the females. Roche explains that "Inclusive fitness can be estimated using a coefficient of relatedness, which estimates the chances that two related individuals both have a given allele (alternately: the proportion of genes that are identical in two individuals because of relatedness)." (2006) I hypothesize that by participating in sneaker behavior the Haplochromis burtonii literally doubles chances of either reproducing or surviving until they are able to do so. 1) c) How could you test this empirically What predictions do you make if the hypothesis is true To test this hypothesis empirically would prove to be a challenge. The reason for that is the challenge of tracking the specific Haplochromis burtonii would be difficult and specific subjects would be impossible to distinguish during many parts of the observation. There is no way to mark the subjects. However the behavior of the Haplochromis burtonii can be observed. It is during the course of these observations that

Glass beaker Essay Example for Free

Glass beaker Essay Our experiment will be repeated three times, and we will use the same stopwatch. We will place the candle onto the safety mat and light it. Carefully, one of us will cover the lit candle with the beaker, whilst the other shall start the stopwatch. As soon as the candle goes out the stopwatch shall be stopped, measured and the result will be recorded into the results table. This shall be repeated two more times for the same beaker and the results will also be recorded into the results table. We will carry out this method four more times for the measured beakers, and then we will do the same with the Gas Jar. The difference in method between the Gas Jar and the other beakers is that we know the volumes of the other beakers, but the volume of the Gas Jar is unknown. For the Gas Jar, we will put a candle onto a safety mat, light it, and then cover it with the Gas Jar. We will start the stopwatch and record how many seconds the candle is lit for. As soon as the candle goes out, the stopwatch will be stopped. We will record the amount of time the candle is lit for, into the results table. Then I will find the average result of the three tests for each beaker. I will find this by using this formula. This average will then be recorded into my results table. Then I will draw my graph. On my graph, the seconds will be on the y axis and the volumes of the beakers will be on the x axis. I will plot all of my results onto my graph and measure a line of best fit. On the line of best fit will be all of the approximate results of the seconds the candle is lit for, for all volumes of beakers. To find the volume of the gas jar, I will plot the time that the candle was lit for on the line of best fit. Then I will follow my finger from the line, horizontally, to the y axis, and see what the approximate volume of the Gas Jar is. Results TIME CANDLE IS LIT FOR (s) Volume of Glass Beaker (cm 3) Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 AVERAGEAnalysis From my results I have found out the Gas Jar has an approximate volume of 200 cm cubed. I conclude that it is possible to find out the volume of a beaker when all you know is how long a candle burns for when it is placed underneath. The graph proves my prediction to be correct. I said that the larger the beaker, the longer the candle will burn for, which would then give my graph a positive correlation. This is what happened. When the size of the beaker went up, so did the amount of time the candle beneath it. There was a relationship between the variables I was measuring The larger the Beaker, the longer the candle will burn for. I proved that there is more oxygen in a large beaker than a small beaker, as the small beakers candle did not stay lit for as long as a larger beakers candle. Evaluation I have achieved the aim that I wrote at the beginning of my experiment. I have found out whether it is the candle or the size of the beaker that determines how long the candle burns for. I have also found out that you can determine the volume of a gas jar, just by timing how long the candle burns for when placed underneath. My plan was quite good. I have achieved all that I wanted to achieve, and found out all that I wanted to find out. I have gained everything from my experiment that I had aimed to gain, and without any problems. I dont think that I could have changed anything to make it better, except to maybe do more tests to get my average from, because they will, of course, be more accurate. I didnt change anything to make anything work better, it already worked perfectly fine. My results were very good, all of my results were consistent as they were quite close to each other. Also they followed my prediction perfectly, I had no problems. From my results I have calculated that the Gas Jar had an approximate volume of 200 cm cubed. The actual volume of the gas jar is 210 cm cubed. This result is extremely close to my approximation, which means that my results were very accurate. I also believe that my experiment was a very fair test, we followed our method exactly and had no reason to change anything. I think that my results were pretty reliable. There was an obvious line of best fit in which many of the results fitted in with. I did have one anomalous reading though, but it was not far off track. An Anomalous reading is a reading that didnt follow the same pattern as the others. This might have occurred because of a number of reasons. For example, We couldve made an error in taking measurements or we might not have filled up the gaps in the beaker enough etc. I think, that by carrying out a further experiment, we would extend our knowledge by changing the experiment a little, by maybe changing a different variable or by having more tests. Either way, we would learn a lot more on this specific subject. Katrina Farrant 10HA Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

The Rural Way of Life in The River Warren :: warren

The Rural Way of Life in The River Warren Anyone who has taken a trip across the midwestern states has seen a different way of life. The River Warren gave the readers a sense of this rural way of life around the Two-Speed semi crash. Corn, wheat, and other agricultural products can be seen for miles and miles in all directions. As you drive through, you can see farmers hard at work, combines, tractors, and bailers all working at full speed, sun up to sun down. It doesn't take long too see how much these farms must work in order to survive. Why must these farmers devote so much of their lives to the profession? The answer to this question can become very complicated. When one sells any product, economics is the dominant factor with regards to price and the quantity of one's particular product. Many external factors play a huge role in the supply and demand of farm products. The focus of this paper is to explore some of the factors that make farming such a hard, volatile business. In the book, the Gruber family is a good example of a small farming family. Leo is the head of the household and, therefore, spends all or most of his time working on the farm. Jeff Gruber, Leo's son, speaks of his father's work in one passage. Leo stated his father's "capacity for work grated on him (76)." This family was always forced to work. At night, the tractor-trailer would come to load cattle. Jeff stated the days were full of "plowing, discing, harrowing, planting, cultivating, harvesting, and feeding the cattle (76)." Growing up in this setting meant work at a young age for the children. Jeff and his younger brother, Chris, are not exceptions. In the story, Chris is killed in a farming accident. Chris's youth and his inexperience with farm equipment were outweighed by the needs of the farm. Unfortunately, this kind of tragedy happens in real life as well. The book describes this way of life in many sections but never answered why life was like this. Why this muc h work was need was never answered. Now we will explore this question. First thing we need to look at are some of the external factors that apply to the family farm.

Issues in Church and Sacraments

Summary Issues in church and sacraments are practical atheism, deeply upright, deeply crooked, putting our faith to work and catholic devotions. Practical Atheism Is one who does not believe In God. It came from the Greek word â€Å"ethos† which means â€Å"without God† late Pope Paul VI labeled this as an Insidious wolf In sheep's clothing because It hides under a mantle of religious faith but worships wealth, power and the self. Atheism is out and opens, while practical atheism hides the religiosity of people.Most people may appear religious like the practical atheism but the truth is hey don't focus mainly on God but on instead they just focus on themselves since they Just need a God who they can manage and hear their prayers cause the truth is they're not interested in a God who will teach them about truth and Justice. This disrespectful for God is not that obvious in the sense that practical atheist only uses God for their self-interest focusing only for one's self . Idolatry is worshipping an idol; a false image of God Is an idol.Idolatry is worshipping something that projects to one's self Like In times of solving a problem or granting wishes. We control God even though based on the scripture that we are created In the Image and likeness of God but the saddest part Is that we are the one who Is re-creating God In our Image. Practical Atheism Is preoccupied with money, obsessed with wealth and material success. Self-centeredness, self-garnishment, distorted priorities and corruption as a way of life in a nation of fervent church-goers are the signs of practical atheism. Deeply upright, Deeply Crooked explains something about facing the reality.The Philippines is said to be the most religious country in all Asia and also one of the most immoral countries in all Asia, if not the most immoral. Philippines is also known to be the second most corrupt country in Asia this survey is an example of how deeply the Philippines is upright and at the same time how deeply crooked this could be. People's entire concept is based on†investing† in heaven an example of this Is by donating something to a religious organization and assuming that they are already exempted from having to live exemplary lives.Hearing masses, going to confession and receiving the sacraments are the practice that we do and Imagining Like we are just taking a bath to cleanse our sins for going back again to the normal routine like lying, cheating, and stealing with a punishment that is inflicted in return for a wrong doing. The principle here is simple; form is everything like the practices that we are doing but the substance on why we are doing this is nothing. Putting our Faith to Work gives details about on how do we put our faith to work realizing the fact that our churches are filled on Sundays, and yet people very often do not seem to act like Christians at all.We must stress that it is not our Catholic faith that is wrong. We have convert peopl e to Christianity for church membership, rather than for discipleship. We have taught people to seek the kingdom of heaven but we failed to urge them to build a better society. We have drawn our members to our churches for worship but have not sent them out to the world for service. The Catholic faith that we have propagated has been directed more toward celebrating In the Church than a Christian living in the world.The problem, however, does not lie inside our churches people go out of the church that trouble begins. We need to put our Christian faith to work in all choices that we make we must make our Christian faith at the center of our lives in and out of the church. Catholic Devotions expresses the people's personal experiences like when we talk about devotions that has been a greater part of our lives especially in religion that may attract others. Different people have different perspectives that may lead to different religions even if there is only oneGod or worst establish ed a religion because of differences in beliefs. We only express our faith in God in God according to our background and culture. Catholics know more about devotions, rituals novenas that turns out to be a practice and little about scriptures and the teachings of Jesus. Belief is different from faith; a belief without the right faith is fanaticism and gives security, but true faith involves insecurity. We do not need faith when we are so sure of our beliefs. What's it all about making the grade but missing out on learning?Going to class is seen as a duty by most students, rather than an opportunity that they should be thanking for. They are more concern about the grades, assignments, projects and how to pass the subjects than what they have really learned. Learning is necessary and shouldn't be taken for granted. Homework should never be done only because it is needed; if the only reason that a student completes his or her requirement for the sake of getting a grade then it is not a good result because you didn't learn something from it you Just memorize.Figuring out Life's Most Important Questions, students do everything that is required so that they can land to the right Job. Career motivations, questions about the best way to help society in knowing who am l, how shall I live are the questions and things that are important to be talking about at this stage in our lives. Students don't want to e told on what to believe or how to live their lives. Guidance and encouragement is needed to help us figure out life's most important questions for ourselves not to Just be talking about it but also to act on it as well.

How do the poems reflect the experiences of going to War and at War? Essay

The experiences of World War One are reflected in a variety of different ways. Poems are a very good source of seeing how the different attitudes from the War, are expressed. In this essay I will analyse the mood and tone, mood, language and attitudes of the writers in â€Å"Dead Man’s Dump† and â€Å"Exposure†. The mood and tone in Dead Man’s Dump (DMD) is defined from the very first stanza. It is very descriptive and describes the actual movement of the horses that pull the gun carriages over a ruined and battle wounded road (â€Å"Plunging limbers over the shattered track†). This creates a very negative image in the readers mind and sets an attitude against the War. There is also a very strong, prominent religious tone in the poem which is also seen in the first stanza when the barbed wire is described as â€Å"Crowns of thorns† which links towards the death of Christ. This could imply that the soldiers, like Christ, are sacrificing their lives for God and their people. This could be seen as a Pro-War meaning. On the other hand it could mean that the Soldiers are also doomed to die like Christ was doomed to be crucified. The Language used in DMD is very archaic, such as â€Å"Man Born of Man, and born of woman†, which reflects more of the religious undertone in the whole of the poem and expresses that since the age of Christ, people have died for Christ and Kingdom. Moreover the language is very emotive and strong, like in stanza three â€Å"Now she has them at last†, where Earth is personified and is repossessing the men after she had made them, watched them live and now is waiting for the soldiers to die and return to her soil and be part of the earth again. The attitude of the writer, Isaac Rosenberg, is shown throughout the poem but is most prominent in the last stanza when he is describing one soldier dying. â€Å"So we crashed round the bend, / We heard his weak scream, / We heard his very last sound, / And our wheels grazed his dead face.† This is a very personal ending as Rosenberg uses collective viewpoint and therefore includes himself into the poem, and it shows it from his personal experience. The last four lines of this poem seem very sudden and it seems as if it is happening in the present with the reader. The impact of the experience of seeing the newly dead body not only affects the reader but also must have affected the writer, which he shows us through his writing. Exposure has lots of different meanings. Even though it is only one word it makes us wonder what he meant, who is exposed and to what? It could be the men are exposed to the elements, which could be what the whole poem is about. It could be the men being exposed to death, so, like a flower, in winter which slowly freezes, until, eventually it shrivels up and dies, or it could be the men being exposed to the enemy but which is very unlikely as the enemy is not directly mentioned in the poem at all. In Exposure the mood is dreary and cold and sad. Words that prove this are â€Å"Knive†, â€Å"Mad† and Shaking Grasp†. It shows that this poem was an anti war poem as it is graphic and truthful. Owen probably wanted to shock people because the description is very vivid. Also a lot about the elements is mentioned which shows that the real enemy was not the Germans (who are not mentioned at all in the poem) but the wind, snow, rain and hail, which could also be why he used this as one of his main themes. Also Misery was a theme which he showed by using â€Å"Wearied† and â€Å"Nervous† which shows just how scared these men in the trenches were of everything. Exposure does not really have a rhythm because it is very messy and the dactylic diameter is very weak. I think it is to show the confusion and tiredness on the soldiers in the trenches, but it could also represent their slurred speech and their sluggish thoughts. It could also represent the mess and destruction, so we can picture it clearly. A very long layout of the stanzas is used in Exposure. The sentences are long and slow, which starts to bear down on the reader – to create a sense of empathy with the soldiers’ situation. Each stanza is cut short through the use of caesuras, which makes you more aware of the poem, sharply drawing your focus; Owen could be trying to represent how the soldiers jolt in and out of consciousness when they are on guard or waiting to fight and how they then are alerted by something like a flurry of bullets. It is very vivid and unpleasant, which Owen does purposely to mimic the soldiers’ experience. The ellipsis help to show this too, â€Å"the poignant misery of dawn begins to grow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Exposure demands a less deep understanding of it because the meaning is less hidden. The misery is very direct and powerful. This shows that Owen wanted the reader to empathise with the soldiers. An example of this is shown in stanza two: Like twitching agonies of men among its brambles It is a use of imagery and personification. It also links the barbed wire to nature, which is used a lot in the poem to show the harshness and merciless wrath of it. It could also be from a religious point of view, as it could mean that god is shunning them for causing a war on earth. This could lead to the meaning that the men were on the verge of gaining or losing faith in god and that they are questioning his existence. Collective pronouns like â€Å"we† and â€Å"our† are used to show that the men are united and stand together against the enemy. But it could also mean that they are one writhing mass of pained soldiers that have changed so much that they are unidentifiable, that they have forgotten names and just use collective pronouns. Exposure is altogether a very serious and deep poem, as it encourages you to think about it a lot during the process of reading it. The reader empathises during it and also at the end gets to feel a fraction of what the soldiers did in the trenches, so they are left with a sense of misery and distraught. It helps to learn about the soldiers by reading this, as it is very vivid and uses imagery and personification. Both â€Å"Dead Man’s Dump† and â€Å"Exposure† reflect very negative aspects of the war, but from very different perspectives. Whereas â€Å"exposure concentrates on nature as an enemy, â€Å"DMD† concentrates on Death and Loss and is very personal, and they both help us to view the war in different more realistic ways.

Gorillas in the mist (video) essays

Gorillas in the mist (video) essays ESSAY: is Dian Fossey a hero or a villain? Dian Fossey was a well-known person that was famous for saving the mountain gorillas in Africa. In my essay, I am going to include who Dian was, what she did and if she got along with the villagers. Was she a hero or a villain? Dian Fossey was an American speech therapist that worked with handy-capped children. Dain attended a conference in America about saving the mountain gorillas in Africa. Dain went to Africa to count the gorillas to see if the population of gorillas were increasing or decreasing. Dian had to leave the mountain because there was a civil war, she continued counting the gorillas after the war finished. She counts half as many gorillas as there was during the last count, which occurred 7 years before. She developed a passion for the gorillas over the weeks that she was counting them and found a technique of getting closer to the gorillas by imitate their movements and sounds. A variety of gorillas tried to protect a baby gorilla from poachers who were going to sell the baby to the zoo. The entire family of gorillas that were protecting the baby were killed. Dian brakes into the van where the baby gorilla was caged. The baby was going to die because it needed its mother. Dian nursed the baby or else she would have passed away because the gorilla frets over her mother. Dian made an agreement with the mayor to nurse the baby for the zoo, for three men to assist her to count the gorillas. Dain nursed the baby gorilla as it improved and then they received the baby gorilla from her and caged her up in the zoo. A year passed and the baby gorilla passed away because the gorilla missed Dian, after talking care of her she thought Dian was her mother. ESSAY: is Dian Fossey a hero or a villain? The poachers came again to slaughter another family for one baby. They sold the fathers hands and feet for ash treys and cut off the head. They also stabb ...

How To Reduce Your Website’s Bounce Rate In One Step

How To Reduce Your Website’s Bounce Rate In One Step You’ve arrived, but feel lost. Or confused. Youre being bombarded with stimuli. Or too many choices. You’re unsure what to do next. I know exactly what you’re going to do next. You’re going to leave. You’re off in search of a place where you feel comfortable, confident, more â€Å"at home.† Now here’s the rub. You actually were at someone’s home- their home on the web- their home page, but something went terribly wrong. The problem’s simple enough. The home page isn’t simple enough. The host made you work. As a website visitor, you don’t want that. And as a website host, your goal must be to invoke a sense of belonging. The Number One Way to Reduce Your Website’s Bounce Rate #Marketing by @feldmancreativeThe goal of a home page is to get the visitor to click Bounce rate, which is revealed in your analytics, indicates the percentage of web site visits where only a single page was viewed. Translation: zero clicks. For a blog site, you need not get overly concerned about bounce rate. One-and-done visits are common. However, those that enter your site via its home page are likely to be first-timers. In this case, a high bounce rate is deadly. So how do you inspire a visitor to click a page deeper into your site? You interest them. And how do you interest your visitor? You communicate an idea that is easy to understand and memorable. Marketers often describe such ideas as â€Å"sticky.† Made to Stick, the bestselling book by Chip and Dan Heath, spells out the formula with six principles. The first, and perhaps, most vital, is simplicity. I’ll paraphrase from the book where they ask and answer the question, â€Å"How do you find the essential core of your ideas?† They submit you must be a master of exclusion. You must relentlessly prioritize. The book’s chapter on simplicity also offers the following: It’s hard to make ideas stick in a noisy environment You must weed out ideas, even if they’re important, in an effort to highlight the most important one Uncertainty- caused by multiple choices- tends to paralyze readers Powerful ideas are compact and meaningful Is your homepage simple? Does it elicit the response you want from visitors? If it’s not clear and compact, it’s time to review and revise it. It’s time to simplify. What’s in it for me? If you’ve studied copywriting even a wee bit, you’re likely to have read the â€Å"WIIFM† lesson. A common derivative of it goes: readers don’t care about your company or product; they care about themselves. I want to say you get the idea. I want to say everybody does. But they don’t. In fact, I don’t think it’d be outrageous to say a painfully large majority can’t (and maybe never will) comprehend the concept. And it’s a pity because when you shine the spotlight on yourself, you lose business. Your headline has a job to do While your typical web-browsing human is obviously not a goldfish, researchers like to explain his or her average attention span falls short of the little orange pucker’s. This means your job is to create a page, which is capable of expanding the average attention span. You need to grab ‘em fast. This is the headline’s job. The headline on your home page is the first line the visitor reads and therefore the most important line on your entire website.

Allowing Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Allowing Gay Marriage - Essay Example This is wrong for many reasons, not least of which is the infringement on basic human rights. For many years marriage was between a man and a woman, both of the same races, for the purpose of having children and raising a family. That definition has changed a great deal. For example, the law criminalizing the marriage of two people of opposite races has been abolished. Yet we still cling to the definition of marriage that includes â€Å"a man and a woman† as though it were the only thing in the world that mattered. Why is it so difficult for us to accept change in a fluid world? We do not require people in married relationships to be the same race, in fact that would be discriminatory on more than one level. Yet we find it impossible to step beyond what is considered the definition of marriage. It is generally accepted that marriage is a union between a man and a woman, and that homosexuality is both unnatural and a recent invention. This idea is wrong, however. In fact homosexual tendencies have been observed in over 1,500 animal species, including dolphins, lions, and the dwarf chimpanzee which is one of humanities closest relatives. These homosexual tendencies range from life long partnerships, as with some birds, to single sexual interactions. In fact humans have accepted homosexuality for thousands of years. The first recorded homosexual couple dates back to 2400 BCE in ancient Egypt. These men were Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep, and are depicted in Egypt’s most intimate embrace on the walls of their tomb. There have been numerous other cases of the acceptance of homosexuality in Greek and Roman times as well. We can see from this that homosexual tendencies are neither unnatural nor a new invention. What other arguments are there, then, against same-sex marriages? Unfortunately, the arguments are numerous, if a bit unfounded and full of rhetoric. The most

Soul Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soul Theory - Essay Example The answer to this question goes to an extent of providing the conditions under which we cease to survive and the conditions under which we survive in the process of particular adventures. The adventures do not have to look fancy as the cases of either brain swaps or human fission. Personal identity theory attempts to tell us if we can exist through the possession of cognitive capacities from fetus to person development or if we could have survived accidents if we found ourselves in a constant vegetative condition (Korfmacher, 2006). The personal identity theories have significant metaphysical and ethical implications and in association with particular normative premises, they can support the condemnation or justification of certain issues such as euthanasia or infanticide, or they could falsify or prove certain characteristics of the religious outlook. These implications assist in making decisions such as whether and how we can be resurrected and if we are the true possessors of souls in which their existence is similar to ours (Korfmacher, 2006). Many of the philosophers have attempted to find the solutions to the problem of personal identity or have dedicated themselves to metaphysical systems that have significant implications in regard to the personal identity problem. Other than the philosophers, majority of the religious belief systems have attempted to offer explicit answers to the question of persistence. It is not surprising that almost everyone holds the notion of pre-theoretical personal identity theory in the sense that they believe in life after death and know the meaning of death (Korfmacher, 2006). The task of solving the metaphysical problem of personal identity essentially involves answering the question of how the phenomenon or principle in virtue of which â€Å"entities like us† persist through time is to be specified, under the widely but not universally accepted premises that there is such a phenomenon or principle and that

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Article review - Essay Example For example, whereas prize vases from the 4th century are engraved with Athena Polias, while the headings of alliances and treaties done on marble were engraved with Athena Parthenos. Athena personifies Athens not as a goddess but as a symbol of the city’s power (Murray, 1890). However, the Parthenos was not only symbolic if the city was partaking in an act of peace, such as the Parthenos holding the acrostolion. Usually, the Parthenos as used to personify Athens was a likeness of Pheidas’ earlier creation, in which she is taking the hand of an allied state. The author considers the likeness of the Parthenos as found on an engraved gem in Cyprus created during the 4th century. She represents Athens, standing in an aegis and helmet, while she has a spear and shield to her left, as well as a serpent to her left (Murray, 1890). However, this particular Athena digresses from the usual Parthenos as created by Pheidas, as she holds an acrostolion in her right hand, rather than a victory figure, such as that on the stern of a naval ship. The acrostolion was known as being symbolic of a naval victory. While there were other symbols of naval victories, such as the bronze mast with three gold stars at the corner or at an angle, the author contends that, the Athena gem from Cyprus symbolized a naval victory because the acrostolion was a well-known emblem for the same purpose (Murray, 1890). The writer also uses the example of a silver coin from Cyprus that also showed the Athena Parthenos used as a symbol of naval victory. In this case, the Athena is quite similar to that from the earlier example but sits on a ship’s prow as she holds the acrostolion in her right hand (Murray, 1890). The coin, he argues, is commemorative of a battle victory for a town in Cyprus aided by Athens. As he stated earlier, this coin could have been used to symbolize an alliance with the town, thus the use of Athena Parthenos. He also argues against the

Audio-Visual Techniques for Communication and Expression

Audio-Visual Techniques for Communication and Expression Use of Audio-Visual Techniques in expression of ideas – an insight into the use of effective techniques Word Count: 2554 Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction – Audi visual techniques and communication 1.1 Background of Study 2. Marry Me 2.1 Narrative 2.2 Characterisation 2.3 Genre convention and variation 2.4 Specific technical features 3. Photo Booth 3.1 Narrative 3.2 Characterisation 3.3 Genre convention and variation 3.4 Specific technical features 4. Conclusion References 1. Introduction – Audi visual techniques and communication The use of the different audio visual techniques in communication and expression of ideas has been widely regarded as an important and significant evolution of the different techniques used for communication that emerged from the use of print medium and incorporation of multimedia. Communication has always been an important part of human existence and throughout the history of mankind; the same has seen a transformation from mere papyrus sheets to the incorporation of the elements of sight and sound (Branston and Stafford, 2010). The opinion of experts on the transformation on the use of visual communication is diverse, but all of them are believed to be in affirmation with the fact that the use of different audio visual techniques in communication is considered to be the most effective and efficient by senders and receivers alike (Cunningham and Turner, 2010). The reason behind the same being the fact that the incorporation of the different audio visual formats helps in the presentation of the communication in a most concise manner, yet again enabling the sender to create a long lasting impression on the mind of the receivers (Chandler, 2004). 1.1 Background of Study The aim of this academic work is to highlight the importance of the different audio visual techniques and formats and its application to the creation of two astounding creations – short films, that have made it to the finals of Tropfest, considered being the most prestigious recognitions of Australian short film categories. What makes the feature more important and relevant is the fact that annually only 16 short films are considered by the jury as finalists from a pool of more than 700 entries annually. The two important finalists to the same event that have been selected for analysis in the study are director Michelle Lehmann’s Marry Me that had been adjudged the winner of 2008’s Tropfest. The other short film is that of Photo Booth, which had been directed by Michael Noonan (http://tropfest.com, 2014). The following sections of the academic work will be individually considering taking into consideration the narrative, characterisation, genre convention and specific technical features that have helped these short films receive the accolades (Cunningham and Turner, 2010) that have led to the popularity of the films in the Australian and International film circuit as well. 2. Marry Me Michelle Lehmann’s short film Marry Me that is of 7 minutes duration. The plot revolves around a little boy and girl with their individual attention and objects of interest. The following sections provide an insight into the narrative, characterisation, genre convention and highlight the technical features that have set the film apart from the rest of the entrants to the contest (O’Donnell, 1999). 2.1 Narrative The film is seen to revolve around the interest among two young individuals and the communication or the idea that has been expressed in the film has been carefully crafted, reflecting the different individual pursuits of two young people, which have been seen to have a strange co-incidence to real life drawing significant parallel to people’s needs and wants. The film depicts the girl is particularly interested in the boy who is overwhelmed by materialistic pursuits signified by the love for his little BMX bike. The message and expression of the idea of the film is clear through the emotions that have been captured through the girl’s expressions and gleam in eyes every time he sees the boy. The girl is depicted to have fallen in love with the bike riding boy and the same has been clearly expressed through the attempts by the girl to draw the boy’s attention through a number of different ways (http://tropfest.com, 2014). Many are of opinion that the film is about the complexities of emotions of the young, but it also subtly underpins the interest and love of two different people – love for the boy for the girl, and the boy’s (Jason) interest in nothing but the bike that he has. 2.2 Characterisation Michelle Lehmann had drawn crucial similarities to the character of the girl as she had stated that even as a 5 or 6 year old girl, she had experienced the same emotional tension as being attracted to a boy who had been her neighbour and like Jason, had been found to have a particular knack to materialistic pursuits that are considered to be natural (O’Donnell, 1999). The girl who is seen to endlessly pursuit her love interest in the film has been named Chloe and the boy Jason. In order to express her idea clearly to the audience, Michelle has carefully selected the two most astounding young actors in the roles of Chloe and Jason who have been able to win the hearts of the viewers through their childish charms and natural acting. For Jason, the need was to portray a character that was very much in skin of the role portrayed by him – a young BMX enthusiast and the ease with which Jason has been seen to express his disinterest for Chloe busy fixing the wheels of his little bike makes on feel as if it is almost real and not a short film. On the other hand, the role that had been portrayed by the young girl Chloe has been nothing less than au naturel. The determined look and the expression on her face towards the end of the short film as she approaches the high plank constructed by Jason leaves one spell bound and many would wonder whether the expression can be attributed to the next to impossible task in real life (http://tropfest.com, 2014). 2.3 Genre convention and variation The genre of the film is based on the complexities of human emotion and it needs to be highlighted that the message that has been attempted to be conveyed through the short film is largely based on the different emotional pulls and pushes one might experience at a young age. Much of the film is aimed at the general audience who would leave the screen enthralled and spellbound by the enigma of analysing the meaning and idea behind the short film. The convention of the genre is based on the fact that the theme of the film holds true for human beings in reality as well. Most individuals are often engaged in the tireless pursuit of something or the other in life that is perceived to have been difficult to attain for them. The same has been carefully highlighted in the feature film through Jason’s character as he is seen to remove the ancillary supporting wheels from his bike at first, failing to successfully ride his bike without the use of the same. In the background, the girl is shown being able to learn what Jason fails. A little later, Jason attempts a small jump off the plank created by him, which also leads to a fall. Chloe tries her best to impress Jason and draw Jason’s attention; successfully achieving the feats which Jason attempts to achieve a number of times (http://tropfest.com, 2014). The variation that needs to be highlighted in the same is that human beings sometimes become so engrossed in being able to achieve a particular job or accomplishment, that they end up undermining the abilities and success of other human beings that are near to him, failing to even to pay attention to any important or critical messages that the other might convey. The same has been specifically observed while Chloe tries to give her opinion to Jason about the bike and riding. 2.4 Specific technical features Though the film does not showcase any impressive graphic or video filming in conveying the message across, one cannot help but wonder about the smallest details that have been used in the film for spreading the intended message (Cunningham and Turner, 2010). For example, when Jason removes the red coloured attachments to the spokes of his bike wheel and expresses his disinterest in them, the emotional attachment of Chloe is also expressed through the same behaviour. In the same scene, if it is considered that Jason had been rotating the wheel simultaneously whereas Chloe is seen to focus more on Jason instead of her bike, the emotional quotient is carefully reflected. More camera focus has been devoted to capture emotions on Chloe’s face as it must have been found that the girl would be more expressive in terms of emoting by the director. These are small and important specifications that need to be captured and presented by any short film director to successfully convey the intended message and at the same time be able to keep the audience entertained. 3. Photo Booth Michael Noonan’s short film the Photo Booth is an interesting and contemporary take on the aspect of hope and despair that has been portrayed in the short film of around seven minutes’ duration. The film captures the important themes of human life and the message it tries to portray is an important aspect for critiques and short film enthusiasts around the world (O’Donnell, 1999). The short film revolves around three solders on a war torn landscape who suddenly find an abandoned photo booth in the middle of nowhere, whereby the pictures coming out as print carry messages for each of them. 3.1 Narrative The narrative of the short film revolves around three soldiers and their fate outside an abandoned photo booth in the middle of a war torn landscape that keeps the audience glued to the screen to wonder about the outcome and message of the film unlike that in the case of ‘Marry Me’. The narrative is unpredictable and has successfully incorporated one of the most critical elements of movie making – uncertainty and suspense. These are considered to have an everlasting impact on the viewer and many regard the same to have a lasting impact on the mind of the viewers as the key element of surprise and awe is always a key ingredient to the success of a film or small movie (http://tropfest.com, 2014). The narrative brings to light the plight of three soldiers who are trying their best to survive and do not know for themselves the future of their predicament in war. Suddenly, they are met with an unpredictable situation, that of a lonesome photo booth in top of a small hill. Curiosity is one of the most dignified and yet sometimes cursed traits of human behaviour and the same has been highlighted in the film as the soldiers wonder what awaits them at the photo booth and goes on to investigate, under estimating the threats of being exposed to enemy observation and gun point. 3.2 Characterisation The characterisation of the short film is an important attribute as it becomes the responsibility of the actors in the film to bring to life the relevance of each of the characters that are planned and incorporated in the film. The film revolves around the three soldiers and each of them is found to display three different emotions among human beings – adventure, curiosity and suspicion (http://tropfest.com, 2014). The first soldier who enters inside the photo booth is unsuspecting and is taken by surprise once the flashes of the camera start to go off. The second soldier is portrayed to have a trait of curiosity and wariness as he is seen to be cautious when he enters inside the photo booth after seeing what the first soldier had been presented with. The third soldier had to be portrayed to be suspicious of turn of events and this is the same reason why there have been extra alertness displayed by the first and the second soldier while guarding the booth as the third entered inside. The three of them have been shown to have different outcomes based on the character portrayed by them. The first one, unsuspecting and taking life as it is, is presented a picture which shows him part of a beautiful family comprising of a beautiful wife and twin daughters. The second soldiers displays mixed traits and is shown to receive a picture with only his companion who gradually disappears from the frames while the third is shot dead by enemy gunfire as he was the most suspicious one and enters the booth at the last. Through the characters, the director tries to portray the message that it is perception and thought process of individuals which leads to the outcomes. 3.3 Genre convention and variation There have been two specific genres displayed in the short film – that of human nature and the relation between the thoughts and outcomes faced by human beings in reality. It needs to be highlighted here the fact that initially the genre of the short film was thought to be related to war and the outcome of the film being rendered predictable. However, the message and surprise element of the film clearly unfolds when the pictures are presented to the soldiers (http://tropfest.com, 2014). In the end, what makes the film so interesting is that the film portrays a multitude of different factors that are related to human life and fate, and it is highlighted how the thought process of human beings influence the outcomes and fate that is met by individuals in the real world. Genre convention and variation is an important aspect of any communication to large section of viewers as the same enables the makers of the short films to captivate the interests of the audience and keep them glued to the outcome of the message to be portrayed in the film. 3.4 Specific technical features The film is considered to be richer in terms of the technical features that have been included in the film. The aim of the director was to include the elements of surprise more on the lines of shock and the same has been effectively incorporated in the sound designing of the film which makes the film more relatable to reality and one can identify the suspense and uncertainty that is faced by soldiers in the war field. Fear and anxiety has been portrayed well in the movie as the soldiers are successful in expressing the same feelings on their anguished faces (http://tropfest.com, 2014). Moreover, the loud snapping of the shutter of the camera has been effectively used to shock the audience which is considered to be an important component of film making. Especially in the last scene when the third soldier gets shot and there is an element of confusion clearly depicting the mental state and trauma of the soldier when he gets to see his picture in the photo is considered to be outstanding in highlighting the theme of despair as the soldier is shown to lose composure and his guard at the most critical time – in the face of enemy gunfire, when in the previous scenes, he is portrayed to be most suspicious of the circumstances. 4. Conclusion There are different factors and aspects that are considered to have an impact on the success of film making and the effectiveness of the director to incorporate these elements determine the ability of the production to captivate audiences and determine the outcomes of film making. This academic work was aimed at highlighting these specific factors in film making and the effective incorporation of the same in the two short films that have been highlighted in the study. References Branston, G. and Stafford, R. (2010). The media student’s book. London: Routledge. NB Chandler, G. (2004) Cut by Cut: Editing Your Film or Video. Studio City, CA: Michael Wiese Cunningham, S. and Turner, G. (2010). The media and communications in Australia. Sydney: Allen Unwin. Marry Me, Michelle Lehman (director), Australia, 2008  http://tropfest.com/au/2011/12/08/marry-me/ Morley, D. (1996) Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies. London : Routledge. ODonnell, P. (1999). The other 66 per cent? Rethinking the labour market for journalism graduates. Australian Journalism Review, 21(1), 123-142. Photo Booth,  Michael Noonan (director), Australia, 2012http://tropfest.com/au/2012/02/04/photo-booth/ Ruthven, K. (1998). The Future of Disciplines: A Report on Ignorance. In Knowing Ourselves and Others: The Humanities in Australia into the 21st Century. Australian Research Council Vol. 3, pp. 95-113.

Hitlers Rise To Power :: essays research papers fc

Hitler’s Rise To Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who or what was responsible for Hitler’s rise to power? Many believe that there was only one factor for his rise to power. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. Others say that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still others claim that it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germany’s social and economic scene in the 1930’s that made the people restless and ready for a dictator to come to power. There was no sole cause for Hitler’s rise to power. There were two. The political and economic chaos of the 1920’s and the 1930’s joined forces with German culture that enabled Hitler to rise to power. Both play an equal part. Together, both reasons fit together like pieces of a puzzle, to create a unique situation for Hitler’s rise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler was in part a product of German culture. German culture stands out as particularly aggressive and racist. The values and ideas found in this culture’s history inspired Hitler to do many things that he did and can explain in part why he felt the way he did on certain issues (Stern).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stevens 2 Hundreds of years before Hitler emerged, German philosophers and artist preached an almost religious worship of the state. They discussed the idea of the master race, and created a mythology of German heroism that encouraged loyalty to the group and glorified death for the country. Hitler and many Germans like him, was an enthusiastic student of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel who argued that the State â€Å"has the supreme right against the individual, whose supreme duty is to be a member of the State.† Hegel foresaw in the early 1800’s that â€Å"Germany’s hour† would come and that the country’s mission would be to redevelop the world. A German hero would complete this mission (Landry). Like Hegel, another German philosopher more directly portrayed the conventionality and obedience necessary for a secure State. Heinrich von Treitschke espoused that it was of no consequence what you thought about anything, just as long as you obeyed German law. Germany’s tradition also produced Friedrich Nietzsche who preached the coming of a master race and the superman who would conquer, impose a glorified state, and purify the master race.

Opening the Books for change at Norwest Labs Essay

Change at Norwest Labs In 1991, Jean Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin, the CEO of Norwest Labs initiated a series of events which would significantly alter the face of his company. Norwest had reached a point where it could no longer grow without becoming prohibitively inefficient. The decision-making responsibilities, which up to now had been centralized in the hands of its CEO, would now have to be delegated to subordinates in order for Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin to address issues of a more strategic nature. With the help of external consultants, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin went on to modify his organisation with the hope of creating a decentralised, business-oriented company of empowered individuals. Unfortunately, by 1994, it was becoming quite clear that the transformation had not been entirely successful. The Symptoms Via the change process, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin had hoped to redirect certain behaviours to bring them more in line with his new company objectives. While the process did modify behaviour, it did not, unfortunately, lead to the desired ones. Worse, it even brought about undesired behaviours that had previously been absent. The clearest sign of the unsuccessfulness of the change process expressed itself in employee disorientation. Several behaviours attested this state including, confusion about the bonus system, new job descriptions, and Norwest’s relationship with a former partner turned competitor. There seems to also have been clear apprehension as to the future of the company and confusion as to interdepartmental as well as hierarchical relationships. Perhaps the most disturbing sign that things were not going according to plan was the appearance of animosity at Norwest. Following the company’s restructure, conflicts began erupting between the CEO and general managers who were clearly angry about losing some of their independence. Conflicts also appeared between the more business-oriented staff hired after the reorganization and the more technically oriented staff hired previously. At a broader level, the company even began to experience tensions across departments. The change process also seemed to have brought about increased employee apathy, as can be seen from declining morale, the indifference displayed towards any goals that gain sharing might serve beyond handing out pecuniary rewards, and the continued apathetic tolerance of an opaque bonus system, whose favouritism and unfairness had been widely criticized and yet accepted. Perhaps the most striking evidence that the change process had not reached its goals can be seen in the poor performance displayed by the employees who were promoted as a result of it. There seemed to have been a collective inertia among them as they refused to be empowered and continued to rely on Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin for decision-making. They even went as far as being cynical of the new employees who were more in line with company objectives. The Causes In order to correct the behavioural challenges identified in the previous section it is imperative that we determine what caused them. To that effect, we will analyse the situation at Norwest using the tools provided by the organizational behaviour theories of change, culture, leadership, motivation and empowerment. The Change Process As mentioned previously, Norwest underwent important changes in 1992. These changes, unfortunately, did not bring Norwest to the point where its CEO had planned that they would. We will examine the change process in two parts. First, we will try to get an understanding of why the change process failed. Later, we will try to see how the changes could have caused the undesirable behaviours currently taking place at Norwest. By understanding the direct causes of the undesirable behaviours we hope to be able to stop them. By understanding how the change process failed we hope to be able to devise a new course of action for Norwest that will allow it to become the kind of company its CEO had hoped it would become. Lewin’s Change Model Lewin provides us with a concise model for managing change. It consists of three steps: unfreezing, moving and refreezing that must be consecutively followed in order to maximize the chances for success. It is this model that we will use to understand what went wrong at Norwest during the months in which the changes were implemented. The unfreezing phase, according to Lewin, is the stage where the organisation is readied for the upcoming changes. In the case of Norwest, it appears that this stage was, at the very least, hurried through. It is unclear whether Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin even conducted a readiness assessment. While he clearly, had a good idea of what the driving forces of the changes were (increasing competition, desired growth and regulation changes), he neglected to consider what restraining forces might be working against him. Many of these resistance factors might have successfully been predicted, like the fact that some employees would reject empowerment and attempts to change the existing bonus program. Finally, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin clearly failed to arouse dissatisfaction with the status quo and to involve employees in the decision-making process. The second phase of Lewin’s model, the moving phase, is the stage where the actual changes are implemented. While Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin clearly had his own mental blue print for the upcoming changes, he failed to establish specific goals for the initial changes and, as a result, created, in his employees, unnecessary confusion about the company’s future direction. Most importantly, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin did not institute small, incremental changes. Instead, he created, all at once, a corporate services division where accounting, marketing, information systems and quality assurance were rounded up. This department was staffed by the promotion of employees and by externally hiring. Unfortunately, it soon became evident that many of the promoted employees were out of their element. Outside of corporate services, lack of openness and two-way communication led to significant conflicts between Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin and the general managers of the labs. The final stage of Lewin’s model, the refreezing stage, is the stage where changes are stabilized. In Norwest’s case, this stage was entirely skipped. Targets for change and company focus to meet them were not established and, as a result, no successful experiences were built. No system was put in place to reward behaviours that reinforce the changes, instead the old bonus system, which was seen as arbitrary at best and biased at worst, was kept. Finally, no structures, such as regular and objective performance reviews, were developed to institutionalize the changes. Overall, it seems clear that the change process at Norwest gave unsatisfactory results because it failed to address several significant steps of Lewin’s model for change. As a result, the changes Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin had hoped would occur never did and employees continued to come to him for decision-making. The Human Side of Change We saw in the previous section how the change process at Norwest was fundamentally flawed. We also quickly examined how its inherent weaknesses could have caused the undesirable behaviours we now see. We will now explore this link in more details. In this context, Kanter’s framework for managing the human side of change provides us with a powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms that triggered the employees’ reactions to the change process. In 1992, the creation of centralized corporate services at Norwest was a major source of conflict between Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin and the general managers. Research indicates that change is exciting when it is done by someone but threatening when it is done to someone. In the case of Norwest, while some general managers may have been involved the consultant’s review process of the organization, they were never involved in the recommendation process. As a the implementation of the consultants’ recommendations got under way, the general managers naturally started to feel that they were losing control over their position and responsibilities. This feeling of powerlessness leads people to try to reassert their control by rejecting other people’s ideas and even sometimes by behaving in â€Å"petty, territorial ways†, something that undoubtedly would fuel tensions with Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin. Another interesting dimension of Kanter’s model that may shed some light into this conflict is the idea of loss of face. The notion that the organization has to change and that general managers will lose authority can be inferred to mean that general managers were not up to the job. Resistance therefore becomes a way for them to oppose this conclusion and to save face. One of the major reasons why Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin’s culture change seems to have failed is because individuals who were promoted to corporate services did not want to be empowered. Kanter tells us that very often people tend to â€Å"resist change because of personal concerns about †¦ future ability to be effective after the change.† This seems particularly relevant in the context of Norwest whose scientists, according to Maurice, were â€Å"strong technical people, not strong business people† and who ‘did not consider â€Å"business empowerment† as being part of their job.’ Scientists may understandably have felt inadequate when entrusted with responsibilities for which they had no background or training. To a more limited extent, the more work factor is also interesting in explaining the outcome. Promoted employees may have resisted the change in their work description simply because it increased their workload beyond what they were willin g or capable to achieve. Unfortunately for Norwest, after gain sharing was introduced, the situation reached such a point that some employees began worrying that â€Å"Jean was taking the company down a path that would lead to its end.† This mistrust in Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin may have been the end result of too long a period of what Kanter calls excess uncertainty. Employees in companies undergoing changes need to be kept up-to-date at every step of the change process. They need to clearly know where they are heading. Although Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin may have clearly known where he wanted to lead his employees he may not have communicated that plan well enough. As a result, employees came to the conclusion that the continuous surprise changes were a symptom of improvised management and lost faith in their president. There seems to be a clear dichotomy at Norwest between the few employees embracing the changes (most of whom were hired after 1992) and those who do not (hired before 1992). Worrisomely, this dichotomy has led to tensions between the two groups. Tensions can, of course, be caused by the conflicting goals of both groups. It is also, however, an inevitable by-product of the differences brought about by change that has been studied and identified as the difference effect. When â€Å"different† individuals are introduced in a rather homogenous group, they make the group feel self-conscious and cause it to question its habits. This effort is burdensome and leads to irritability, which in turns leads to tensions. It is tempting to jump to the conclusion that employees are not interested in gain sharing from the reaction they displayed when first confronted with the possibility. However, a better understanding of the reaction can be achieved when studied in the light of Kanter’s past resentment factor. According to Kirk, there was clearly â€Å"a great deal of negativism surrounding [past] bonuses.† We know from research that people are more likely to resist change when they harbour unresolved past grievances. Culture and leadership In addition to the change process, it appears quite clear that culture and leadership played a significant role in the how the situation at Norwest unfolded. In a large sense, culture and leadership are bonded together by corporate blood. On the one hand, the leader impacts the company and its culture with his/her unique personality and leadership style; on the other hand, different forms of organizational culture demand and breed relevant and compatible leadership as well as resist and expel the outdated or incompatible ones. In Norwest’s case, the lack of supportive culture and appropriate leadership certainly share part of the responsibility for the failure of its first reform in 1992 and, could lead to the failure of the coming one in 1994. Looking at Norwest from a cultural perspective, we can see that it has deeply-rooted technical norms, values and beliefs. This culture was implanted and encouraged by Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin over the years and adhered to by Norwesters, most of whom were scientists. Because of the early success Norwest gained, we may deduce that this culture, if not supportive, was at least not obstructive to Norwest’s objectives. However, after the organizational changes were brought about, we can see that the old culture was now more or less obsolete. First, apart from Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin, few focused on the external environment and what it meant for Norwest. Second, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin’s long-term plans alienated the employees’ whose focus was on the short-term. Third, morale was low. Fourth, cynicism was growing. Fifth, group relations deteriorated as animosity and conflict among departments appeared and finally, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin, as the leader and the founder for Norwest and its culture, failed to play his role of being the hero of Norwest culture and, therefore, was objected and isolated by his subordinates with their negative reaction. Simply put, Norwest’s culture was, considering the degree of resistance, disadvantageously strong. It failed to support the mission, goals and strategy of the organization and, thus, became a liability. In order to successfully bring about changes in an organisation, effective leadership is absolutely necessary. Unfortunately, in the case of Norwest, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin failed to achieve this. Not only did his leadership fail to mitigate the resistance to change, it may even have to some extent led to the undesirable behaviours currently displayed at Norwest. What Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin possessed was good business sense and charm derived from his personality and experience; what he lacked was the ability to selectively and discriminatively project his objectives/goals onto Norwest and its employees. To be fair, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin’s leadership was not always inadequate for Norwest. Considering that most Norwesters were scientists with little business sense and skills, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin tended to be more task-oriented and to tell them what to do instead of promoting self-leadership through empowerment and training. This pragmatic leadership style worked well until Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin himself realized its limit, as Norwest grew larger and larger. Unfortunately, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin could not adapt his leadership style to effectively implement his changes. Sadly, he failed in four major aspects of successful leadership. He could not inspire employees by creating a clear and understandable vision. He could not communicate effectively, especially in crucial moments. He could not empower his employees and finally, he turned a blind eye to his own personal weaknesses and, when others pointed them out, refused to acknowledge them and change. Unfortunately for Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin, despite somewhat practicing a higher, more advanced form of leadership, he failed because he was not aware of the vulnerability of such leadership. Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin unintentionally differentiated Norwesters by their business skills. He told most old Norwesters what to do, while he allowed more business-oriented people, such as Maurice and Kirk, to participate in policymaking and even delegated to them some decision-making power. This form of situational leadership, which balances between a task and relationship orientation, could have been beneficial to Norwest had Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin realized what he was doing and communicated it clearly to his employees. However, his inability to do so isolated the employees with whom he shared values and attitudes through spontaneous leader-member-exchange from the rest of the company who simply took Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin’s attitude towards these employees as â€Å"obvious favouritism†. Another element of Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin’s style that produced negative results was his quiet leadership. Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin never seemed to bother to explain the reasoning behind some of his decisions, such as how he handed out bonuses, his corporate empowerment or gain sharing attempts. Although Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin was evidently being nobly selfless and, with hindsight, was leading Norwest the right way, his opaque style couldn’t help but spawn scepticism about his impartiality and professional capability. Needless to say, such doubts were devastating for morale at Norwest. Interestingly, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin was quite aware of the close relationship between culture and leadership. In fact, one of his main goal was what is called leader substitution, an attempt to have a new culture, as defined by rules, policy and values take over some of the work that was accomplished by his leadership. In that way, Norwest would stand more chance to survive were something to happen to him. Unfortunately, the culture change was not a complete success and ironically Norwest now finds itself in a situation where more than ever it needs strong leadership. Motivation By all accounts, the change process at Norwest exacerbated the decreasing employee motivation. Poor performances, general disinterest and, most of all, declining morale are all symptoms of this. Because motivation is so complex and because it is so crucial for the health of a company, it will be studied independently here. Employee motivation can be clearly explained by the individual process designed by Handy (Understanding Organizations, 1993, p.38). The process is based on the idea that we are self-activating organisms and can, to some degree, control our own destiny and our response to pressure, that we can set our goals and choose the path toward them. Each of us has some needs and some desired results (our own personal objectives). The decision to do or not to do something, and the energy we put into it (the ‘E’ factor), derives from a calculus we interiorise. Each calculus, however, depends on our personality and is operated within the limits of a psychological contract (coercitive, calculative or co-operative) – between the company and the individual. What exactly is missing then at Norwest Lab that prevents the motivation calculus from operating? If we apply Hertzberg’s two-factor theory prior to the first change in 1992, we see that hygiene factors were already not completely satisfied because of problems with bonuses that people felt were arbitrarily handed out. However, satisfaction from motivating factors compensated this shortfall. After the change, however, the motivating factors once satisfied no longer were, thereby deteriorating an already fragile situation. Not only did the change impact the employees’ satisfaction, but by changing the actual scope of the job, it also somehow modified what the desired or obtainable results were. It is even possible to go further in the analysis and see how the change impacted the contract itself, passing from a calculative to a slightly more co-operative one where the calculative contract is a voluntary one, with an explicit exchange of goods and money for services rendered, while the co-operative contract requires a major identification of the employee with the organization. In addition, while Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin changed the company’s people orientation (as defined by Holland) from realistic (practical jobs) to enterprising (business-oriented jobs), employees maintained a realistic people orientation. It is not surprising then that employees, finding themselves structured in an unknown contract, with different goals and low motivation, responded by reducing the ‘E’ factor in th eir job. A second element further complicates the situation. While it wouldn’t be fair to say that Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin did not truly do his best for both his company and its employees, he clearly failed in his application of theory Y. He presumed that his employees possessed those traits that make theory Y applicable: that they want job satisfaction, that they would seek responsibility and be self-starters. Unfortunately, he simply required them to be business-oriented and self-sufficient without providing them with adequate coaching and training. In order to increase performance and morale and to reinstate a sense of team-identity, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin must figure out a way to instil new confidence and motivation in his employees. There are two major activities to which Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin should devote his energies: 1) modify the employees’ motivation calculus variables to increase their resulting ‘E’ factor and 2) smooth his Theory Y approach to be more supportive. Though not an easy goal, this is certainly achievable if well planned and given the required efforts and resources available. Recommendations We have seen how the change process at Norwest was fundamentally flawed and how it triggered undesirable behaviours. We also saw how Norwest’s leader and culture not only failed to support the change process, but further aggravated the situation. Finally, we saw how motivation, as a result, was deeply affected. Fortunately, the situation is far from hopeless. Below are detailed a series of steps that will both reduce the actual conflicts and redefine a successful path for the company. Become a Transformational Leader Obviously, Norwest is not on course to reach the objectives set out by Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin. Therefore, any recommendation we will bring will involve further changes at Norwest. Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin must learn from past mistakes. He must adapt his leadership style to facilitate the transformation. Not surprisingly, being a transformational leader involves the application of Lewin’s change model and therefore every recommendation that follows is done in this spirit. Improve Communication with Employees The first stage of Lewin’s model involves arousing dissatisfaction with the current state. Things cannot go on the way they are and Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin must communicate this to his employees. Given the current state of things at Norwest, it should not be too difficult. As a transformational leader, Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin needs to form a vision and a plan for his company and he needs to explain them to his employees. As Lewin’s moving phase suggests, his plan must be made up of small incremental steps so that the change is less disturbing. It is important to underline how the implementation of the plan requires extra efforts from everybody and how, at the same time, it offers new excitement and opportunities for those willing to take them. A two-way communication channel should be defined during the change period, maintained and improved afterwards as an efficiency and transparency tool. This is absolutely necessary to counter the uncertainty created by change. Involve Employees in the Change Process Employees need to be aware of the change, of its reasons and of its goals. They must also see themselves as active agents in the change process. This is necessary to counter the loss of control that employees feel in times of change. It is also an integral part of Lewin’s unfreezing phase. For those employees willing to, a chance should be given to take part in change teams. The empowered teams, and the individuals that make them up, must be given well-defined goals and coached in how to accomplish these tasks. Doing this would increase motivation by matching results, needs, contract and orientation in each employee’s motivation calculus. A one-to-one communication will make the change process more effective and smooth and as a result establish more trust across the whole company. Enhancing the participation and cooperation will also boost the moving phase of the change process. Finally, the leadership role would be reinforced, implanting the idea of the leader as a chief advisor, chief guardian of principle, chief accountability officer and chief encourager of Norwest. Give Employees Greater Control over their Careers Employees should be given greater freedom in defining their role within the company. Forcing R&D guys to be business-oriented will help neither business development nor R&D. A driving message should be the empowerment of those wishing it, underlining that all the others will be able to continue their job as they did before. In such way Norwest would enhance motivation, allowing employees to retain their desired position inside the company. Following this approach and, again, communicating it to the employees will pinpoint the source of resistance and minimize it prior to change Provide Training to Employees In the change process, employees will be required to face new responsibilities and new challenges. It is absolutely necessary for them to be trained and coached; otherwise, as we saw earlier, employees will resist the change because of concerns about their ability to perform new duties. A good way to do this is through team building is to train the whole change-process team together. Training would enhance motivation, help employees understand gain-sharing more and generally smooth the overall change process. Rely on internal hiring External hiring should be limited to some few individuals recognized as bringing outstanding expertise in a field until such a time that unity and culture have been recreated. The few new-hires should be given a clear message about the culture of the company and should be trained on the internal policies and rules. Relying on internal hiring has the advantage of retaining top performers by giving them the chance for promotions. Internal hiring will also reduce the difference effect felt by employees. Define goals and performance evaluations Lewin’s third phase, the refreezing phase, involves building success experiences by setting change targets and having everyone work towards them. Consequently, each change-process team or any empowered individual should be given clear and objective goals. Goals should be set slightly over the reachable level and bonuses should be proportionate to the effort. Most important is that whatever bonus is defined for teams and/or individuals; strict rules must be set to let everybody know when and how they are evaluated. To implement such a change, coaching and evaluating processes that reinforce desirable behaviours with clear verbal and material messages must be defined. In such processes Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin could even credit the work that has been accomplished during the first change in 1992. Setting an appraisal and coaching process enhances corporate culture and cohesion; it helps to stabilize changes and to keep everyone on the right track in the new system. Define a Reward System Lewin’s refreezing phase also encourages the rewarding of the desired behaviour. In the case of Norwest, an inadequate bonus program is presently in effect. Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½pin should first address the issue of the old bonus plan and recognize its major flaws. Doing so will address the past resentment of employees. Discussions concerning the timing and approach to a new reward system could be handed over to the change-process team. Gain sharing could certainly be an option. The important idea is that the choice of the reward system should involve the employees. In the end, the bonus plan could even be inserted in a cafeteria-style benefit plan, where employees can choose to opt-out or not in exchange for higher salaries.